<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE library PUBLIC "-//Boost//DTD BoostBook XML V1.0//EN"
  "http://www.boost.org/tools/boostbook/dtd/boostbook.dtd">
<library name="Ref" dirname="ref" id="ref" last-revision="$Date: 2004/07/09 00:56:42 $">
  <libraryinfo>
    <author>
      <firstname>Jaakko</firstname>
      <surname>J&auml;rvi</surname>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstname>Peter</firstname>
      <surname>Dimov</surname>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstname>Douglas</firstname>
      <surname>Gregor</surname>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstname>Dave</firstname>
      <surname>Abrahams</surname>
    </author>

    <copyright>
      <year>1999</year>
      <year>2000</year>
      <holder>Jaakko J&auml;rvi</holder>
    </copyright>

    <copyright>
      <year>2001</year>
      <year>2002</year>
      <holder>Peter Dimov</holder>
    </copyright>
    
    <copyright>
      <year>2002</year>
      <holder>David Abrahams</holder>
    </copyright>

    <legalnotice>
      <para>Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this
      software is granted provided this copyright notice appears in
      all copies.  This software is provided "as is" without express
      or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
      any purpose.
      </para>
    </legalnotice>

    <librarypurpose>A utility library for passing references to generic functions</librarypurpose>
    <librarycategory name="category:higher-order"/>
  </libraryinfo>

<title>Boost.Ref</title>

<section id="ref.intro">
  <title>Introduction</title> 

  <using-namespace name="boost"/>

  <para>The Ref library is a small library that is useful for passing
  references to function templates (algorithms) that would usually
  take copies of their arguments. It defines the class template
  <code><classname>boost::reference_wrapper&lt;T&gt;</classname></code>,
  the two functions
  <code><functionname>boost::ref</functionname></code> and
  <code><functionname>boost::cref</functionname></code> that return
  instances of <code>boost::reference_wrapper&lt;T&gt;</code>, and the
  two traits classes
  <code><classname>boost::is_reference_wrapper&lt;T&gt;</classname></code>
  and
  <code><classname>boost::unwrap_reference&lt;T&gt;</classname></code>.</para>

  <para>The purpose of
  <code>boost::reference_wrapper&lt;T&gt;</code> is to
  contain a reference to an object of type T. It is primarily used to
  "feed" references to function templates (algorithms) that take their
  parameter by value.</para>

  <para>To support this usage,
  <code>boost::reference_wrapper&lt;T&gt;</code> provides an implicit
  conversion to <code>T&amp;</code>. This usually allows the function
  templates to work on references unmodified.</para>

  <para><code>boost::reference_wrapper&lt;T&gt;</code> is
  both CopyConstructible and Assignable (ordinary references are not
  Assignable).</para>

  <para>The expression <code>boost::ref(x)</code>
  returns a
  <code>boost::reference_wrapper&lt;X&gt;(x)</code> where X
  is the type of x. Similarly,
  <code>boost::cref(x)</code> returns a
  <code>boost::reference_wrapper&lt;X const&gt;(x)</code>.</para>

  <para>The expression
  <code>boost::is_reference_wrapper&lt;T&gt;::value</code>
  is true if T is a <code>reference_wrapper</code>, and
  false otherwise.</para>

  <para>The type-expression
  <code>boost::unwrap_reference&lt;T&gt;::type</code> is T::type if T
  is a <code>reference_wrapper</code>, T otherwise.</para>
</section>

<library-reference>
<header name="boost/ref.hpp">
  <namespace name="boost">
    <class name="reference_wrapper">
      <template>
        <template-type-parameter name="T"/>
      </template>
      <purpose>
        Contains a reference to an object of type
        <computeroutput>T</computeroutput>. 
      </purpose>

      <description>
        <para><computeroutput><classname>reference_wrapper</classname></computeroutput>
        is primarily used to "feed" references to function templates
        (algorithms) that take their parameter by value.  It provides
        an implicit conversion to
        <computeroutput>T&amp;</computeroutput>, which usually allows
        the function templates to work on references
        unmodified.</para>
      </description>

      <typedef name="type"><type>T</type></typedef>

      <constructor specifiers="explicit">
        <parameter name="t">
          <paramtype>T&amp;</paramtype>
        </parameter>

        <effects><simpara>Constructs a
        <computeroutput><classname>reference_wrapper</classname></computeroutput>
        object that stores a reference to
        <computeroutput>t</computeroutput>.</simpara></effects>

        <throws><simpara>Does not throw.</simpara></throws>
      </constructor>    

      <method-group name="access">
        <method name="conversion-operator" cv="const">
          <type>T&amp;</type>
          <returns><simpara>The stored reference.</simpara></returns>
          <throws><simpara>Does not throw.</simpara></throws>
        </method>

        <method name="get" cv="const">
          <type>T&amp;</type>
          <returns><simpara>The stored reference.</simpara></returns>
          <throws><simpara>Does not throw.</simpara></throws>
        </method>

        <method name="get_pointer" cv="const">
          <type>T*</type>
          <returns><simpara>A pointer to the object referenced by the stored reference.</simpara></returns>
          <throws><simpara>Does not throw.</simpara></throws>
        </method>
      </method-group>

      <free-function-group name="constructors">
        <function name="ref">
          <type>reference_wrapper&lt;T&gt;</type>
          <parameter name="t">
            <paramtype>T&amp;</paramtype>
          </parameter>

          <returns><simpara><computeroutput><classname>reference_wrapper</classname>&lt;T&gt;(t)</computeroutput></simpara></returns>

          <throws><simpara>Does not throw.</simpara></throws>
        </function>

        <function name="cref">
          <type>reference_wrapper&lt;T const&gt;</type>
          <parameter name="t">
            <paramtype>T const&amp;</paramtype>
          </parameter>

          <returns><simpara><computeroutput><classname>reference_wrapper</classname>&lt;T const&gt;(t)</computeroutput></simpara></returns>

          <throws><simpara>Does not throw.</simpara></throws>
        </function>
      </free-function-group>
    </class>

    <class name="is_reference_wrapper">
      <template>
        <template-type-parameter name="T"/>
      </template>

      <purpose>Determine if a type <computeroutput>T</computeroutput> is an instantiation of <computeroutput><classname>reference_wrapper</classname></computeroutput>.</purpose>

      <description>
        <para>The <computeroutput>value</computeroutput> static
        constant will be <computeroutput>true</computeroutput> iff the
        type <computeroutput>T</computeroutput> is a specialization of
        <computeroutput><classname>reference_wrapper</classname></computeroutput>.</para>
      </description>

      <static-constant name="value">
        <type>bool</type>
        <default><emphasis>unspecified</emphasis></default>
      </static-constant>
    </class>

    <class name="unwrap_reference">
      <template>
        <template-type-parameter name="T"/>
      </template>
  
      <purpose>Find the type in a <computeroutput><classname>reference_wrapper</classname></computeroutput>.</purpose>

      <description>
        <para>The typedef <computeroutput>type</computeroutput> is
        <computeroutput>T::type</computeroutput> if
        <computeroutput>T</computeroutput> is a
        <computeroutput><classname>reference_wrapper</classname></computeroutput>,
        <computeroutput>T</computeroutput> otherwise.</para>
      </description>

      <typedef name="type"><type><emphasis>unspecified</emphasis></type></typedef>
    </class>
  </namespace>
</header>
</library-reference>

<section id="ref.ack">
  <title>Acknowledgements</title>

  <using-namespace name="boost"/> 

  <para><functionname>ref</functionname> and <functionname>cref</functionname>
  were originally part of the <libraryname>Tuple</libraryname> library
  by Jaakko J&auml;rvi. They were "promoted to boost:: status" by
  Peter Dimov because they are generally useful.  Douglas Gregor and
  Dave Abrahams contributed
  <classname>is_reference_wrapper</classname> and
  <classname>unwrap_reference</classname>.</para>
</section>

</library>